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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Jul 27
Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):337-42. doi: 10.1038/nature10163. A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A. Source Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. skarnes@sanger.ac.uk Abstract Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells has become the principal technology for manipulation of the mouse genome, offering unrivalled accuracy in allele design and access to conditional mutagenesis. To bring these advantages to the wider research community, large-scale mouse knockout programmes are producing a permanent resource of targeted mutations in all protein-coding genes. Here we report the establishment of a high-throughput gene-targeting pipeline for the generation of reporter-tagged, conditional alleles. Computational allele design, 96-well modular vector construction and high-efficiency gene-targeting strategies have been combined to mutate genes on an unprecedented scale. So far, more than 12,000 vectors and 9,000 conditional targeted alleles have been produced in highly germline-competent C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells. High-throughput genome engineering highlighted by this study is broadly applicable to rat and human stem cells and provides a foundation for future genome-wide efforts aimed at deciphering the function of all genes encoded by the mammalian genome.
	PMID: 21677750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):327-36. doi: 10.1038/nature10213. Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system. Kau AL, Ahern PP, Griffin NW, Goodman AL, Gordon JI. Source Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. Abstract Marked changes in socio-economic status, cultural traditions, population growth and agriculture are affecting diets worldwide. Understanding how our diet and nutritional status influence the composition and dynamic operations of our gut microbial communities, and the innate and adaptive arms of our immune system, represents an area of scientific need, opportunity and challenge. The insights gleaned should help to address several pressing global health problems.
	PMID: 21677749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Nature. 2011 Jun 14;474(7351):261-2. doi: 10.1038/474261a. Life hackers seek new tools. Hayd en EC.
	PMID: 21677717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4.	Nature. 2011 May 22;474(7351):385-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10072. Detection of prokaryotic mRNA signifies microbial viability and promotes immunity. Sander LE, Davis MJ, Boekschoten MV, Amsen D, Dascher CC, Ryffel B, Swanson JA, Müller M, Blander JM. Source Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA. Abstract Live vaccines have long been known to trigger far more vigorous immune responses than their killed counterparts. This has been attributed to the ability of live microorganisms to replicate and express specialized virulence factors that facilitate invasion and infection of their hosts. However, protective immunization can often be achieved with a single injection of live, but not dead, attenuated microorganisms stripped of their virulence factors. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are detected by the immune system, are present in both live and killed vaccines, indicating that certain poorly characterized aspects of live microorganisms, not incorporated in dead vaccines, are particularly effective at inducing protective immunity. Here we show that the mammalian innate immune system can directly sense microbial viability through detection of a special class of viability-associated PAMPs (vita-PAMPs). We identify prokaryotic messenger RNA as a vita-PAMP present only in viable bacteria, the recognition of which elicits a unique innate response and a robust adaptive antibody response. Notably, the innate response evoked by viability and prokaryotic mRNA was thus far considered to be reserved for pathogenic bacteria, but we show that even non-pathogenic bacteria in sterile tissues can trigger similar responses, provided that they are alive. Thus, the immune system actively gauges the infectious risk by searching PAMPs for signatures of microbial life and thus infectivity. Detection of vita-PAMPs triggers a state of alert not warranted for dead bacteria. Vaccine formulations that incorporate vita-PAMPs could thus combine the superior protection of live vaccines with the safety of dead vaccines.
	PMID: 21602824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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5.	Nat Genet. 2011 Jun;43(6):519-25. Epub 2011 May 8. Genome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using common SNPs. Yang J, Manolio TA, Pasquale LR, Boerwinkle E, Caporaso N, Cunningham JM, de Andrade M, Feenstra B, Feingold E, Hayes MG, Hill WG, Landi MT, Alonso A, Lettre G, Lin P, Ling H, Lowe W, Mathias RA, Melbye M, Pugh E, Cornelis MC, Weir BS, Goddard ME, Visscher PM. Source Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. Abstract We estimate and partition genetic variation for height, body mass index (BMI), von Willebrand factor and QT interval (QTi) using 586,898 SNPs genotyped on 11,586 unrelated individuals. We estimate that ∼45%, ∼17%, ∼25% and ∼21% of the variance in height, BMI, von Willebrand factor and QTi, respectively, can be explained by all autosomal SNPs and a further ∼0.5-1% can be explained by X chromosome SNPs. We show that the variance explained by each chromosome is proportional to its length, and that SNPs in or near genes explain more variation than SNPs between genes. We propose a new approach to estimate variation due to cryptic relatedness and population stratification. Our results provide further evidence that a substantial proportion of heritability is captured by common SNPs, that height, BMI and QTi are highly polygenic traits, and that the additive variation explained by a part of the genome is approximately proportional to the total length of DNA contained within genes therein.
	PMID: 21552263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Saturday, 2011 Jul 23
Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):S16-7. The promise of T. cruzi genomics. Clayton J.
	PMID: 20571549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2011 Jul 22
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1.	Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):S9-10. doi: 10.1038/474S9a. Pharmacogenomics: playing the odds. Maxmen A.
	PMID: 21666735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Jul 13
Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):45-6. Virology. Revealing virus-host interplay. Krupovic M, Bamford DH. Source Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, 75015 Paris, France. Comment on Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):58-62.
	PMID: 21719664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):97-101. Epub 2011 May 31. Recombinant origin of the retrovirus XMRV. Paprotka T, Delviks-Frankenberry KA, Cingöz O, Martinez A, Kung HJ, Tepper CG, Hu WS, Fivash MJ Jr, Coffin JM, Pathak VK. Source Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Abstract The retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) has been detected in human prostate tumors and in blood samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but these findings have not been replicated. We hypothesized that an understanding of when and how XMRV first arose might help explain the discrepant results. We studied human prostate cancer cell lines CWR22Rv1 and CWR-R1, which produce XMRV virtually identical to the viruses recently found in patient samples, as well as their progenitor human prostate tumor xenograft (CWR22) that had been passaged in mice. We detected XMRV infection in the two cell lines and in the later passage xenografts, but not in the early passages. In particular, we found that the host mice contained two proviruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, which share 99.92% identity with XMRV over >3.2-kilobase stretches of their genomes. We conclude that XMRV was not present in the original CWR22 tumor but was generated by recombination of two proviruses during tumor passaging in mice. The probability that an identical recombinant was generated independently is negligible (~10(-12)); our results suggest that the association of XMRV with human disease is due to contamination of human samples with virus originating from this recombination event.
	PMID: 21628392 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Sent on Tuesday, 2011 Jul 12
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1.	Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):658-61. doi: 10.1038/nature10195. Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein. Hrecka K, Hao C, Gierszewska M, Swanson SK, Kesik-Brodacka M, Srivastava S, Florens L, Washburn MP, Skowronski J. Source Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. Comment in Nature. 2011 Jun 30;474(7353):587-8. Abstract Macrophages and dendritic cells have key roles in viral infections, providing virus reservoirs that frequently resist antiviral therapies and linking innate virus detection to antiviral adaptive immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) fails to transduce dendritic cells and has a reduced ability to transduce macrophages, due to an as yet uncharacterized mechanism that inhibits infection by interfering with efficient synthesis of viral complementary DNA. In contrast, HIV-2 and related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVsm/mac) transduce myeloid cells efficiently owing to their virion-associated Vpx accessory proteins, which counteract the restrictive mechanism. Here we show that the inhibition of HIV-1 infection in macrophages involves the cellular SAM domain HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). Vpx relieves the inhibition of lentivirus infection in macrophages by loading SAMHD1 onto the CRL4(DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to highly efficient proteasome-dependent degradation of the protein. Mutations in SAMHD1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a disease that produces a phenotype that mimics the effects of a congenital viral infection. Failure to dispose of endogenous nucleic acid debris in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome results in inappropriate triggering of innate immune responses via cytosolic nucleic acids sensors. Thus, our findings show that macrophages are defended from HIV-1 infection by a mechanism that prevents an unwanted interferon response triggered by self nucleic acids, and uncover an intricate relationship between innate immune mechanisms that control response to self and to retroviral pathogens.
	PMID: 21720370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):609-15. doi: 10.1038/nature10166. Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Collaborators: Bell D, Berchuck A, Birrer M, Chien J, Cramer DW, Dao F, Dhir R, DiSaia P, Gabra H, Glenn P, Godwin AK, Gross J, Hartmann L, Huang M, Huntsman DG, Iacocca M, Imielinski M, Kalloger S, Karlan BY, Levine DA, Mills GB, Morrison C, Mutch D, Olvera N, Orsulic S, Park K, Petrelli N, Rabeno B, Rader JS, Sikic BI, Smith-McCune K, Sood AK, Bowtell D, Penny R, Testa JR, Chang K, Dinh HH, Drummond JA, Fowler G, Gunaratne P, Hawes AC, Kovar CL, Lewis LR, Morgan MB, Newsham IF, Santibanez J, Reid JG, Trevino LR, Wu YQ, Wang M, Muzny DM, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Getz G, Lawrence MS, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko AY, Sougnez C, Voet D, Wilkinson J, Bloom T, Ardlie K, Fennell T, Baldwin J, Gabriel S, Lander ES, Ding LL, Fulton RS, Koboldt DC, McLellan MD, Wylie T, Walker J, O'Laughlin M, Dooling DJ, Fulton L, Abbott R, Dees ND, Zhang Q, Kandoth C, Wendl M, Schierding W, Shen D, Harris CC, Schmidt H, Kalicki J, Delehaunty KD, Fronick CC, Demeter R, Cook L, Wallis JW, Lin L, Magrini VJ, Hodges JS, Eldred JM, Smith SM, Pohl CS, Vandin F, Raphael BJ, Weinstock GM, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Meyerson M, Winckler W, Getz G, Verhaak RG, Carter SL, Mermel CH, Saksena G, Nguyen H, Onofrio RC, Lawrence MS, Hubbard D, Gupta S, Crenshaw A, Ramos AH, Ardlie K, Chin L, Protopopov A, Zhang J, Kim TM, Perna I, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Ren G, Sathiamoorthy N, Park RW, Lee E, Park PJ, Kucherlapati R, Absher M, Waite L, Sherlock G, Brooks JD, Li JZ, Xu J, Myers RM, Laird W, Cope L, Herman JG, Shen H, Weisenberger DJ, Noushmehr H, Pan F, Triche T Jr, Berman BP, Van Den Berg DJ, Buckley J, Baylin SB, Spellman PT, Purdom E, Neuvial P, Bengtsson H, Jakkula LR, Durinck S, Han J, Dorton S, Marr H, Choi YG, Wang V, Wang NJ, Ngai J, Conboy JG, Parvin B, Feiler HS, Speed TP, Gray JW, Levine A, Socci ND, Liang Y, Taylor BS, Schultz N, Borsu L, Lash AE, Brennan C, Viale A, Sander C, Ladanyi M, Hoadley KA, Meng S, Du Y, Shi Y, Li L, Turman YJ, Zang D, Helms EB, Balu S, Zhou X, Wu J, Topal MD, Hayes DN, Perou CM, Getz G, Voet D, Saksena G, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wu CJ, Shukla S, Cibulskis K, Lawrence MS, Sivachenko A, Jing R, Park RW, Liu Y, Park PJ, Noble M, Chin L, Carter H, Kim D, Karchin R, Spellman PT, Purdom E, Neuvial P, Bengtsson H, Durinck S, Han J, Korkola JE, Heiser LM, Cho RJ, Hu Z, Parvin B, Speed TP, Gray JW, Schultz N, Cerami E, Taylor BS, Olshen A, Reva B, Antipin Y, Shen R, Mankoo P, Sheridan R, Ciriello G, Chang WK, Bernanke JA, Borsu L, Levine DA, Ladanyi M, Sander C, Haussler D, Benz CC, Stuart JM, Benz SC, Sanborn JZ, Vaske CJ, Zhu J, Szeto C, Scott GK, Yau C, Hoadley KA, Du Y, Balu S, Hayes DN, Perou CM, Wilkerson MD, Zhang N, Akbani R, Baggerly KA, Yung WK, Mills GB, Weinstein JN, Penny R, Shelton T, Grimm D, Hatfield M, Morris S, Yena P, Rhodes P, Sherman M, Paulauskis J, Millis S, Kahn A, Greene JM, Sfeir R, Jensen MA, Chen J, Whitmore J, Alonso S, Jordan J, Chu A, Zhang J, Barker A, Compton C, Eley G, Ferguson M, Fielding P, Gerhard DS, Myles R, Schaefer C, Mills Shaw KR, Vaught J, Vockley JB, Good PJ, Guyer MS, Ozenberger B, Peterson J, Thomson E. Abstract A catalogue of molecular aberrations that cause ovarian cancer is critical for developing and deploying therapies that will improve patients' lives. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analysed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours. Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three microRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes and a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration, and shed new light on the impact that tumours with BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) and CCNE1 aberrations have on survival. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of the tumours analysed, and that NOTCH and FOXM1 signalling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology.
	PMID: 21720365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Nature. 2011 May 25;474(7353):654-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10117. SAMHD1 is the dendritic- and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx. Laguette N, Sobhian B, Casartelli N, Ringeard M, Chable-Bessia C, Ségéral E, Yatim A, Emiliani S, Schwartz O, Benkirane M. Source Institut de Génétique Humaine, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34000, France. nadine.laguette@igh.cnrs.fr Comment in Nature. 2011 Jun 30;474(7353):587-8. Abstract The primate lentivirus auxiliary protein Vpx counteracts an unknown restriction factor that renders human dendritic and myeloid cells largely refractory to HIV-1 infection. Here we identify SAMHD1 as this restriction factor. SAMHD1 is a protein involved in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a genetic encephalopathy with symptoms mimicking congenital viral infection, that has been proposed to act as a negative regulator of the interferon response. We show that Vpx induces proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1. Silencing of SAMHD1 in non-permissive cell lines alleviates HIV-1 restriction and is associated with a significant accumulation of viral DNA in infected cells. Concurrently, overexpression of SAMHD1 in sensitive cells inhibits HIV-1 infection. The putative phosphohydrolase activity of SAMHD1 is probably required for HIV-1 restriction. Vpx-mediated relief of restriction is abolished in SAMHD1-negative cells. Finally, silencing of SAMHD1 markedly increases the susceptibility of monocytic-derived dendritic cells to infection. Our results demonstrate that SAMHD1 is an antiretroviral protein expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle.
	PMID: 21613998 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Friday, 2011 Jul 08
Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):519-22. Long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza A virus. Vijaykrishna D, Smith GJ, Pybus OG, Zhu H, Bhatt S, Poon LL, Riley S, Bahl J, Ma SK, Cheung CL, Perera RA, Chen H, Shortridge KF, Webby RJ, Webster RG, Guan Y, Peiris JS. Source State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Abstract Swine influenza A viruses (SwIV) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease and occasionally give rise to human pandemics, including that caused by the H1N1/2009 virus. The lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic. Most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospective studies in defined locations, hence the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of SwIV are poorly understood. Here we quantify the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic dynamics of SwIV in Hong Kong using a data set of more than 650 SwIV isolates and more than 800 swine sera from 12 years of systematic surveillance in this region, supplemented with data stretching back 34 years. Intercontinental virus movement has led to reassortment and lineage replacement, creating an antigenically and genetically diverse virus population whose dynamics are quantitatively different from those previously observed for human influenza viruses. Our findings indicate that increased antigenic drift is associated with reassortment events and offer insights into the emergence of influenza viruses with epidemic potential in swine and humans.
	PMID: 21614079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):432. Evidence of altered RNA stirs debate. Hayden EC.
	PMID: 21614050 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):528-31. Epub 2011 May 1. Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity. Fu S, Yang L, Li P, Hofmann O, Dicker L, Hide W, Lin X, Watkins SM, Ivanov AR, Hotamisligil GS. Source Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca overexpression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity. PMCID: PMC3102791 [Available on 2011/11/26]
	PMID: 21532591 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Nature. 2011 May 19;473(7347):403, 405-8. Synthetic genomes: The next step for the synthetic genome. Baker M.
	PMID: 21593873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2.	Nature. 2011 May 19;473(7347):265. Geneticists bid to build a better bee. Zakaib GD.
	PMID: 21593834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3.	Nat Genet. 2011 May;43(5):464-9. Epub 2011 Apr 17. High-resolution characterization of a hepatocellular carcinoma genome. Totoki Y, Tatsuno K, Yamamoto S, Arai Y, Hosoda F, Ishikawa S, Tsutsumi S, Sonoda K, Totsuka H, Shirakihara T, Sakamoto H, Wang L, Ojima H, Shimada K, Kosuge T, Okusaka T, Kato K, Kusuda J, Yoshida T, Aburatani H, Shibata T. Source Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most common virus-associated cancers, is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. By massively parallel sequencing of a primary hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (36× coverage) and matched lymphocytes (>28× coverage) from the same individual, we identified more than 11,000 somatic substitutions of the tumor genome that showed predominance of T>C/A>G transition and a decrease of the T>C substitution on the transcribed strand, suggesting preferential DNA repair. Gene annotation enrichment analysis of 63 validated non-synonymous substitutions revealed enrichment of phosphoproteins. We further validated 22 chromosomal rearrangements, generating four fusion transcripts that had altered transcriptional regulation (BCORL1-ELF4) or promoter activity. Whole-exome sequencing at a higher sequence depth (>76× coverage) revealed a TSC1 nonsense substitution in a subpopulation of the tumor cells. This first high-resolution characterization of a virus-associated cancer genome identified previously uncharacterized mutation patterns, intra-chromosomal rearrangements and fusion genes, as well as genetic heterogeneity within the tumor.
	PMID: 21499249 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4.	Nat Genet. 2011 May;43(5):491-8. Epub 2011 Apr 10. A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data. DePristo MA, Banks E, Poplin R, Garimella KV, Maguire JR, Hartl C, Philippakis AA, del Angel G, Rivas MA, Hanna M, McKenna A, Fennell TJ, Kernytsky AM, Sivachenko AY, Cibulskis K, Gabriel SB, Altshuler D, Daly MJ. Source Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. depristo@broadinstitute.org Abstract Recent advances in sequencing technology make it possible to comprehensively catalog genetic variation in population samples, creating a foundation for understanding human disease, ancestry and evolution. The amounts of raw data produced are prodigious, and many computational steps are required to translate this output into high-quality variant calls. We present a unified analytic framework to discover and genotype variation among multiple samples simultaneously that achieves sensitive and specific results across five sequencing technologies and three distinct, canonical experimental designs. Our process includes (i) initial read mapping; (ii) local realignment around indels; (iii) base quality score recalibration; (iv) SNP discovery and genotyping to find all potential variants; and (v) machine learning to separate true segregating variation from machine artifacts common to next-generation sequencing technologies. We here discuss the application of these tools, instantiated in the Genome Analysis Toolkit, to deep whole-genome, whole-exome capture and multi-sample low-pass (∼4×) 1000 Genomes Project datasets. PMCID: PMC3083463 [Available on 2011/11/1]
	PMID: 21478889 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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