Wednesday, 27 February 2013

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Search: (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))

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PubMed Results
Item 1 of 1

1. Nature. 2013 Jan 10;493(7431):133.

No easy answer.

[No authors listed]
PMID: 23310979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Saturday, 23 February 2013

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2013 February 23
Search: (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))

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PubMed Results
Items 1 - 5 of 5

1. Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):4-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.2510.

Translating genes into health.

Kricka LJ, Di Resta C.

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. kricka@mail.med.upenn.edu

Abstract

A major challenge for genomics is to provide clinical benefits to the genetically diverse human population. Genome science has achieved a catalog of mutations and informative SNPs. Next-generation sequencing is rapidly delivering thousands of complete human genomes, but understanding and applying genomic knowledge remains a daunting undertaking. These challenges and opportunities for genomic medicine were central themes of the Golden Helix Symposium held in Turin, Italy, 18-21 April 2012.

PMID: 23268128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2. Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):1. doi: 10.1038/ng.2519.

Genomics, bears, fruit.

[No authors listed]
PMID: 23268125 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3. Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):67-71. doi: 10.1038/ng.2494. Epub 2012 Dec 16.

Whole-genome sequencing of giant pandas provides insights into demographic history and local adaptation.

Zhao S, Zheng P, Dong S, Zhan X, Wu Q, Guo X, Hu Y, He W, Zhang S, Fan W, Zhu L, Li D, Zhang X, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Jin X, Zhang J, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J, Wei F.

Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Abstract

The panda lineage dates back to the late Miocene and ultimately leads to only one extant species, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Although global climate change and anthropogenic disturbances are recognized to shape animal population demography their contribution to panda population dynamics remains largely unknown. We sequenced the whole genomes of 34 pandas at an average 4.7-fold coverage and used this data set together with the previously deep-sequenced panda genome to reconstruct a continuous demographic history of pandas from their origin to the present. We identify two population expansions, two bottlenecks and two divergences. Evidence indicated that, whereas global changes in climate were the primary drivers of population fluctuation for millions of years, human activities likely underlie recent population divergence and serious decline. We identified three distinct panda populations that show genetic adaptation to their environments. However, in all three populations, anthropogenic activities have negatively affected pandas for 3,000 years.

PMID: 23242367 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4. Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):109-13. doi: 10.1038/ng.2478. Epub 2012 Dec 9.

Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile.

He M, Miyajima F, Roberts P, Ellison L, Pickard DJ, Martin MJ, Connor TR, Harris SR, Fairley D, Bamford KB, D'Arc S, Brazier J, Brown D, Coia JE, Douce G, Gerding D, Kim HJ, Koh TH, Kato H, Senoh M, Louie T, Michell S, Butt E, Peacock SJ, Brown NM, Riley T, Songer G, Wilcox M, Pirmohamed M, Kuijper E, Hawkey P, Wren BW, Dougan G, Parkhill J, Lawley TD.

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.

Comment in

Abstract

Epidemic C. difficile (027/BI/NAP1) has rapidly emerged in the past decade as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. However, the key events in evolutionary history leading to its emergence and the subsequent patterns of global spread remain unknown. Here, we define the global population structure of C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We show that two distinct epidemic lineages, FQR1 and FQR2, not one as previously thought, emerged in North America within a relatively short period after acquiring the same fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutation and a highly related conjugative transposon. The two epidemic lineages showed distinct patterns of global spread, and the FQR2 lineage spread more widely, leading to healthcare-associated outbreaks in the UK, continental Europe and Australia. Our analysis identifies key genetic changes linked to the rapid transcontinental dissemination of epidemic C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 and highlights the routes by which it spreads through the global healthcare system.

PMID: 23222960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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5. Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):12-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.2493. Epub 2012 Dec 2.

Integrated genomic analyses identify ARID1A and ARID1B alterations in the childhood cancer neuroblastoma.

Sausen M, Leary RJ, Jones S, Wu J, Reynolds CP, Liu X, Blackford A, Parmigiani G, Diaz LA Jr, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE, Hogarty MD.

Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Abstract

Neuroblastomas are tumors of peripheral sympathetic neurons and are the most common solid tumor in children. To determine the genetic basis for neuroblastoma, we performed whole-genome sequencing (6 cases), exome sequencing (16 cases), genome-wide rearrangement analyses (32 cases) and targeted analyses of specific genomic loci (40 cases) using massively parallel sequencing. On average, each tumor had 19 somatic alterations in coding genes (range of 3-70). Among genes not previously known to be involved in neuroblastoma, chromosomal deletions and sequence alterations of the chromatin-remodeling genes ARID1A and ARID1B were identified in 8 of 71 tumors (11%) and were associated with early treatment failure and decreased survival. Using tumor-specific structural alterations, we developed an approach to identify rearranged DNA fragments in sera, providing personalized biomarkers for minimal residual disease detection and monitoring. These results highlight the dysregulation of chromatin remodeling in pediatric tumorigenesis and provide new approaches for the management of patients with neuroblastoma.

PMCID: PMC3557959 [Available on 2013/6/16]
PMID: 23202128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Thursday, 21 February 2013

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Thursday, 2013 February 21
Search: (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))

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PubMed Results
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1. Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):662-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1229237.

The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals.

O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, Goldberg SL, Kraatz BP, Luo ZX, Meng J, Ni X, Novacek MJ, Perini FA, Randall ZS, Rougier GW, Sargis EJ, Silcox MT, Simmons NB, Spaulding M, Velazco PM, Weksler M, Wible JR, Cirranello AL.

Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, HSC T-8 (040), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA. maureen.oleary@stonybrook.edu

Comment in

Abstract

To discover interordinal relationships of living and fossil placental mammals and the time of origin of placentals relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, we scored 4541 phenomic characters de novo for 86 fossil and living species. Combining these data with molecular sequences, we obtained a phylogenetic tree that, when calibrated with fossils, shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary. Many nodes discovered using molecular data are upheld, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea (elephants) and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats). Our tree suggests that Placentalia first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria; extinct New World species are the oldest members of Afrotheria.

PMID: 23393258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Friday, 15 February 2013

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2013 February 15
Search: (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))

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PubMed Results
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1. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):533-42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113849.

Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection.

Climo MW, Yokoe DS, Warren DK, Perl TM, Bolon M, Herwaldt LA, Weinstein RA, Sepkowitz KA, Jernigan JA, Sanogo K, Wong ES.

Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA. michael.climo@va.gov

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Results of previous single-center, observational studies suggest that daily bathing of patients with chlorhexidine may prevent hospital-acquired bloodstream infections and the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter, cluster-randomized, nonblinded crossover trial to evaluate the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths on the acquisition of MDROs and the incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Nine intensive care and bone marrow transplantation units in six hospitals were randomly assigned to bathe patients either with no-rinse 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths or with nonantimicrobial washcloths for a 6-month period, exchanged for the alternate product during the subsequent 6 months. The incidence rates of acquisition of MDROs and the rates of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections were compared between the two periods by means of Poisson regression analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 7727 patients were enrolled during the study. The overall rate of MDRO acquisition was 5.10 cases per 1000 patient-days with chlorhexidine bathing versus 6.60 cases per 1000 patient-days with nonantimicrobial washcloths (P=0.03), the equivalent of a 23% lower rate with chlorhexidine bathing. The overall rate of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections was 4.78 cases per 1000 patient-days with chlorhexidine bathing versus 6.60 cases per 1000 patient-days with nonantimicrobial washcloths (P=0.007), a 28% lower rate with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths. No serious skin reactions were noted during either study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Daily bathing with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths significantly reduced the risks of acquisition of MDROs and development of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Sage Products; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00502476.).

PMID: 23388005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Wednesday, 13 February 2013

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Wednesday, 2013 February 13
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PubMed Results
Items 1 - 3 of 3

1. Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):335-43. doi: 10.1038/492335a.

366 days: Nature's 10.

Heuer RD, Rosenzweig C, Steltzner A, Blanpain C, Iorns E, Wang J, Handelsman J, Gowers T, De Bernardinis B, Fouchier R.
PMID: 23257862 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2. Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):324-7. doi: 10.1038/492324a.

366 days: 2012 in review.

Van Noorden R.
PMID: 23257860 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3. Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):321. doi: 10.1038/492321a.

Big biotech buys iconic genetics firm.

Baker M.
PMID: 23257857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Friday, 8 February 2013

What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2013 February 08
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PubMed Results
Items 1 - 3 of 3

1. Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):408-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1229848.

IBI series winner. Keeping an eye on biology.

Singer SR, Schwarz JA, Manduca CA, Fox SP, Iverson ER, Taylor BJ, Cannon SB, May GD, Maki SL, Farmer AD, Doyle JJ.

Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA. ssinger@carleton.edu

Free Article
PMID: 23349282 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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2. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 31;368(5):466-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcpc1201414. Epub 2013 Jan 23.

Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 4-2013. A 50-year-old man with acute flank pain.

Greka A, Bhatia RS, Sabir SH, Dekker JP.

Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.

Free Article
PMID: 23343037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3. Lancet. 2013 Jan 19;381(9862):256-65. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61191-X.

Global paediatric advanced life support: improving child survival in limited-resource settings.

Ralston ME, Day LT, Slusher TM, Musa NL, Doss HS.

Department of Pediatrics, Naval Hospital, Oak Harbor, WA 98278, USA.

Abstract

Nearly all global mortality in children younger than 5 years (99%) occurs in developing countries. The leading causes of mortality in children younger than 5 years worldwide, pneumonia and diarrhoeal illness, account for 1·396 and 0·801 million annual deaths, respectively. Although important advances in prevention are being made, advanced life support management in children in developing countries is often incomplete because of limited resources. Existing advanced life support management guidelines for children in limited-resource settings are mainly empirical, rather than evidence-based, written for the hospital setting, not standardised with a systematic approach to patient assessment and categorisation of illness, and taught in current paediatric advanced life support training courses from the perspective of full-resource settings. In this Review, we focus on extension of higher quality emergency and critical care services to children in developing countries. When integrated into existing primary care programmes, simple inexpensive advanced life support management can improve child survival worldwide.

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 23332963 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Thursday, 7 February 2013

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