What's new for 'JKB_daily1' in PubMed

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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Wednesday, 2010 Mar 17
Search (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))
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1.	Lancet. 2010 Feb 27;375(9716):773-5. Systemic infection and delirium: when cytokines and acetylcholine collide. van Gool WA, van de Beek D, Eikelenboom P. Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. w.a.vangool@amc.uva.nl Systemic infection and drugs with anticholinergic effects are well-recognised and prevalent risk factors for delirium in elderly people. Experimental findings and neuropathological observations suggest that activation of microglia is pivotal for mediation of the behavioural effects of systemic infections. The microglial response is usually regulated tightly, but defensive features could turn neurotoxic once microglial cells escape from cholinergic inhibition. A self-propelling neuroinflammatory reaction might follow, and this cascade could account for the strong association between delirium and long-term cognitive impairment and even dementia. Here, we propose a hypothetical model, suggesting that poor outcome after delirium can be averted in vulnerable elderly people by use of readily available drugs. Agents that either restore cholinergic control of microglia or directly inhibit neuroinflammation warrant testing in clinical trials. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 20189029 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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	MeSH Terms: Acetylcholine/physiology* Aged Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology* Cholinergic Antagonists/adverse effects* Cholinergic Antagonists/pharmacology Cytokines/physiology* Delirium/chemically induced Delirium/immunology* Delirium/prevention & control Humans Inflammation/complications Inflammation/etiology* Microglia/drug effects Microglia/metabolism* Microglia/pathology Middle Aged Reaction Time/drug effects Risk Factors Sepsis/drug therapy Sepsis/immunology Sepsis/metabolism* Sepsis/pathology* Space Perception/drug effects Thinking/drug effects Substances: Cholinergic Agents Cholinergic Antagonists Cytokines Acetylcholine

2.	Am J Pathol. 2010 Jan;176(1):369-80. Epub 2009 Dec 11. Cellular plasticity of inflammatory myeloid cells in the peritoneal foreign body response. Mooney JE, Rolfe BE, Osborne GW, Sester DP, van Rooijen N, Campbell GR, Hume DA, Campbell JH. Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Implantation of sterile foreign objects in the peritoneal cavity of an animal initiates an inflammatory response and results in encapsulation of the objects by bone marrow-derived cells. Over time, a multilayered tissue capsule develops with abundant myofibroblasts embedded in extracellular matrix. The present study used the transgenic MacGreen mouse to characterize the time-dependent accumulation of monocyte subsets and neutrophilic granulocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate and within the tissue capsule by their differential expression of the csf1r-EGFP transgene, F4/80, and Ly6C. As the tissue capsule developed, enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells changed from rounded to spindle-shaped morphology and began to co-express the myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin. Expression increased with time: at day 14, 11.13 +/- 0.67% of tissue capsule cells co-expressed these markers, compared with 50.77 +/- 12.85% of cells at day 28. The importance of monocyte/macrophages in tissue capsule development was confirmed by clodronate-encapsulated liposome removal, which resulted in almost complete abrogation of capsule development. These results confirm the importance of monocyte/macrophages in the tissue response to sterile foreign objects implanted in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, the in vivo plasticity of peritoneal macrophages and their ability to transdifferentiate from a myeloid to mesenchymal phenotype is demonstrated. PMCID: PMC2797897 [Available on 2011/1/1]
	PMID: 20008135 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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	Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH Terms: Animals Cell Movement Cell Shape Cell Transdifferentiation Female Fibroblasts/cytology Foreign Bodies/pathology Foreign-Body Reaction/pathology* Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism Implants, Experimental Macrophages/cytology Male Mice Myeloid Cells/pathology* Peritoneal Cavity/pathology* Peritoneal Lavage Substances: enhanced green fluorescent protein Green Fluorescent Proteins