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Sender's message: Sepsis or genomics or altitude: JKB_daily1

Sent on Friday, 2014 February 28
Search: (sepsis[MeSH Terms] OR septic shock[MeSH Terms] OR altitude[MeSH Terms] OR genomics[MeSH Terms] OR genetics[MeSH Terms] OR retrotransposons[MeSH Terms] OR macrophage[MeSH Terms]) AND ("2009/8/8"[Publication Date] : "3000"[Publication Date]) AND (("Science"[Journal] OR "Nature"[Journal] OR "The New England journal of medicine"[Journal] OR "Lancet"[Journal] OR "Nature genetics"[Journal] OR "Nature medicine"[Journal]) OR (Hume DA[Author] OR Baillie JK[Author] OR Faulkner, Geoffrey J[Author]))

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PubMed Results

Item 1 of 1

1.	Nat Med. 2013 Dec;19(12):1638-42. doi: 10.1038/nm.3408. Epub 2013 Nov 24. Subinfectious hepatitis C virus exposures suppress T cell responses against subsequent acute infection. Park SH1, Veerapu NS, Shin EC, Biancotto A, McCoy JP, Capone S, Folgori A, Rehermann B. Author information: 1Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Comment in Viral hepatitis: Subinfectious HCV exposure. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014] Viral hepatitis: Subinfectious HCV exposure.Leake I. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Jan; 11(1):4. Epub 2013 Dec 3. Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is endemic in many countries due to its high propensity for establishing persistence. The presence of HCV-specific T cells in subjects repeatedly exposed to HCV who test negative for HCV RNA and antibodies and who do not have any history of HCV infection has been interpreted as T cell-mediated protection. Here, we show in nonhuman primates that repeated exposure to human plasma with trace amounts of HCV induced HCV-specific T cells without seroconversion and systemic viremia but did not protect upon subsequent HCV challenge. Rather, HCV-specific recall and de novo T cell responses, as well as intrahepatic T cell recruitment and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, were suppressed upon HCV challenge, concomitant with quantitative and qualitative changes in regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) that occurred after subinfectious HCV exposure and increased after HCV challenge. In vitro T(reg) cell depletion restored HCV-specific T cell responses. Thus, T cells primed by trace amounts of HCV do not generate effective recall responses upon subsequent HCV infection. Subinfectious HCV exposure predisposes to T(reg) cell expansion, which suppresses effector T cells during subsequent infection. Strategies to reverse this exposure-induced immune suppression should be examined to aid in the development of T cell-based vaccines against HCV and other endemic pathogens.
	PMID: 24270546 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]